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The Umayyad tradition of cursing Ali was performed in state-controlled mosques in Syria for a period of approximately 65 years from c.657 to c.717 CE. ==The practice== The early Umayyad Muawiyah I began the tradition of cursing Ali from the pulpit in Damascus. The practice continued for sixty-five years, throughout the reign of all Umayyad rulers until it was stopped by a latter Umayyad, Umar Bin Abd al-Aziz, who cancelled this order for a time.〔Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 31, 5924 (Siddiqui numeration: ())〕 The cursing finally came to an end with the fall of the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyads built a mosque for the sole purpose of cursing Ali and called it the Mosque of Utterance. Ali was cursed by official Umayyad decree as part of Friday congregational prayers from all the mosques of Umayyad caliphate except the region of Sistan. The companion Sad ibn abi Waqqas refused to comply with the order of cursing Ali, giving three reasons: # according to Quran 33:33, Ali was one of the ''Ahl al-Bayt'', whom God has purified of all defilements; # according to the Prophet, Ali's rank in relation to him was the same as that of Aaron in relation to Moses; # it was to Ali that the Prophet gave the banner at the battle of Khaybar. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz replaced the cursing of Ali on the minbar during Friday prayers with verse 15 from Sura 59 (al-Hashr) and verse 19 of Sura 90 (al-Nahl) from the Qur'an.〔〔Tarikh al Khulufaa' by Jalal Ud Din As Suyuti〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Umayyad tradition of cursing Ali」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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